Anselm Kiefer, the German-born, France-based grasp of the legendary and the grandiose has been bringing his model of monumental artwork to audiences worldwide over the previous half century. The artist is thought for questioning Germany’s post-war id, drawing on a spread of cultural, literary and philosophical sources in all kinds of media, from work and pictures to sculptures and installations. In 1992, having left Germany, Kiefer acquired La Ribaute, an outdated silk manufacturing facility in Barjac, southern France. The positioning developed organically into an unlimited studio advanced comprising pavilions, outside artwork installations, subterranean chambers and a five-level concrete amphitheatre (the advanced has been likened to a human ant hill). The artist lived on the 40-hectare web site, 70km north-west of Avignon, till 2007, when he relocated to a brand new studio area in Croissy-Beaubourg on the outskirts of Paris.
Kiefer continues to make his mark by everlasting works and monuments, particularly in France. In 2007 the artist unveiled a 10m-high fee, Athanor, on the partitions of the Musée du Louvre’s Egyptian gallery. In 2020, Kiefer unveiled one other everlasting work on the Pantheon in Paris to mark the arrival of the French author Maurice Genevoix’s coffin. The artist’s newest exhibition, Fallen Angels, opening at Palazzo Strozzi in Florence on 22 March, sometimes unpicks epic themes linked to faith, historical past and literature, prompting guests to rethink “our relationship between the religious and the fabric”, in line with the organisers.
Rise and fall: a nonetheless from the Wim Wenders movie Anselm (2023) displaying Kiefer’s set up Die Himmelspaläste (Heaven’s Palaces, 2003–18), a sequence of rickety towers created from the stacked concrete casts of transport containers
Courtesy Sideshow and Janus Movies
The Artwork Newspaper: The primary monumental piece guests will encounter at your Palazzo Strozzi exhibition is Angel’s Fall (2022-23), an enormous portray within the courtyard that depicts the passage from the Ebook of Revelation describing the battle between the archangel Michael and the insurgent angels.
Anselm Kiefer: That is one thing that I used to be at all times involved in as a result of it says one thing in regards to the state of the world. It’s a hen. It’s so imperfect. Life is so badly constructed—now we have wars for the reason that starting, and it’ll not finish. And there may be theodicy [the religious and philosophical argument about the existence of evil and an omnipotent god], actually the justification of God, which proves that the world is nice as a result of God is nice. God is nice, however the world shouldn’t be good. Gottfried Leibnitz [the 17th-century German philosopher] as soon as stated that the [real] world is one of the best of all [imagined] worlds however when the earthquake occurred in Lisbon [in 1755], he modified his philosophy. The Christian faith says God is one of the best you possibly can think about; he is aware of all, he decides all. There’s a giant contradiction on this.
I feel the concepts of the Futurists [were] not unhealthy. However the outcomes? I’d repaint all of them
Are you involved in regards to the state of the world and humanity?
For the time being, I’m extra involved than earlier than as a result of the world has turn into extra advanced. We had, within the Seventies and Nineteen Eighties, two worlds—the West and the East. Then it gave the impression to be simpler. It was clear. Earlier than, the border was clear. However even then, it was life-threatening. I find out about three conditions the place the nuclear atomic bomb exploded, not in a conflict, however by mistake.
The concept of the fallen angel, the rebellious angel plummeting into the abyss, continues in the portray Lucifer (2022-23), which is able to go on present in room one of many exhibition.
Sure, Lucifer is the opposite associate of God who works towards God and is on the finish defeated by Saint Michael. Then, later within the present, there are the Irradiated Work [1983-2023], that are destroyed by me by [the process of] irradiation.
These work, a few of which have been created by submerging the items in baths of electrolysis, have been a key a part of your apply for many years. Greater than 60 of them will fill the partitions and ceiling of one of many largest rooms in Palazzo Strozzi.
Sure, they’re a mirrored image of the world, as opposites of excellent and unhealthy. They’re destroyed by me, as a result of I can not make a chef-d’oeuvre [a masterpiece].
You imply you suppose that you just’ve by no means created a masterpiece?
No. I strive on a regular basis, however I can’t, my expertise shouldn’t be sufficient. I by no means suppose a portray may be completed. It’s by no means completed, in my case. I’ve so many work. If you happen to come to [the studio in] Paris, you’d see all of the lengthy row of containers housing works from the late Nineteen Sixties till now.
You’ll be displaying the Heroic Symbols pictures (1969) within the Florence exhibition, which present you replicating the Sieg Heil salute together with your arm raised, reflecting the way you confront German historical past. I am fascinated why you suppose you will need to put the pictures again on public show.
If I’ve to provide a biography of my work, it begins right here. It’s extra an instance of my working [practice]. I wouldn’t do it 1710681245 as a result of once I did this, it was on the finish of Nineteen Sixties; then no one in Germany spoke about [the war], you understand? However now you possibly can see day by day on the tv in Germany one thing about this time. So no one can say they’re concerned anymore; they’re all concerned now.
In 2014, the BBC programme Think about stated that you just “prod incessantly on the open wound of German historical past”. Do you suppose all artwork is inherently political?
It’s an open wound. It’s clear. It’s nonetheless current. You have in Germany now some politicians who additionally return to this time. An artist is, as I’m, concerned within the scenario of the time. I learn the newspapers, and I’m nicely knowledgeable. So mechanically I’m political.
On a attainable political be aware, in a 2022 dialogue with Michael Govan, the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Artwork, you stated: “Borders are probably the most boring factor on this planet.”
You want borders as a human being in any other case you can not exist. We give [borders and shapes] to the celebrities, we give them symbols and borders. Borders are utterly versatile. The water [sea levels] will go up; I don’t know what number of metres they may go up. There shall be monumental migration sooner or later. We must be ready now. No one speaks about that.
The documentary movie Anselm (2023), directed by Wim Wenders and shot in your studio in Croissy-Beaubourg and at your huge La Ribaute advanced, reveals you working and shifting across the areas. Your physicality—the best way you might be burning the work with a flamethrower, in order that they catch fireplace, after which extinguishing them—is hypnotic.
I’m dancing in my studio. I’m dancing in entrance of my work. You recognize what Friedrich Nietzsche stated? He stated: “My philosophy is dancing.” It’s a part of the physicality. He stated this as a result of he was not very bodily, he was unwell. He at all times dreamed, dancing [and devising] his philosophy. The hay burns in my work however the work burn too typically. There’s somebody behind who cools down the canvas, however the colors, they burn.
And La Ribaute is your model of a museum?
It’s not a museum in any respect. I nonetheless work there. It’s like a portray: I began and I proceed, and I add [things]. It’s now a basis [Eschaton—Anselm Kiefer Foundation], and so once I die, it stays there. It doesn’t get dispersed in all instructions as a result of it’s untouchable, which is nice.
It will likely be your memorial?
You’ve given me the thought. Maybe I’ve to ask the mayor, can I get buried there? Dying shouldn’t be morbid; I feel day by day about my dying. It’s a part of life. With out dying, you wouldn’t have this life.
Does fame—or notoriety—curiosity you?
I’ve two elements. On one facet, I’m formidable, however I feel the ambition to be well-known could be very naive. I can inform you about many painters who have been well-known once they died, and no one is aware of them now immediately. So this type of fame is relative. Within the Nineteen Eighties I grew to become a sort of star. However I used to be not conscious of this. I used to be at all times simply involved about my work. Once I arrived in New York [in the 1980s] at immigration, two women got here and took me apart [for a fast-tracked immigration process]. So I assumed: “Sure, that is maybe fame.”
However you’ve a sure licence and privilege. Not each artist can take over the Palazzo Ducale in Venice as you probably did in your 2022 blockbuster present.
Actually not. There are different [notable] artists. Vija Celmins—she wouldn’t do Doge’s Palace, however she’s good. She does these little issues, these little factors, the ocean and the celebrities.
It follows that most individuals would say you’re a monumental artist.
It’s nonsense. My favorite painter, who did the Havana work [in the late 1950s], is Willem de Kooning. His Havana work are, I feel, 80in by 70in, and they’re monumental. Monumentality shouldn’t be an indication of dimensions. It’s an indication of character of the portray. A small portray may be monumental. The dimensions is totally unimportant.
You take in and cite a number of figures who’ve influenced you, together with Jean Genet, Martin Heidegger and the Romanian poet Paul Celan. Within the Palazzo Strozzi present, the work The Solitary Place (2019-23) attracts on the Surrealism of Raymond Roussel.
I’ve a library. And within the morning earlier than I begin, I am going by my library. I take out a guide and skim it, so I’m at all times along with a whole lot of different individuals from different centuries. They’re my critics.
What in regards to the “isms” of artwork historical past? Futurism, for instance, continues to be underrated.
I feel the concepts of the Futurists, the speculation, the thought, was not unhealthy. However the outcomes? I’d repaint all of them. I wish to have them in my studio. I’d make one thing out of them.
Anselm Kiefer’s Angel’s Fall (2022-23) depicts the battle between good and insurgent angels that ends with the autumn of Lucifer
Photograph: Georges Poncet © Anselm Kiefer
Biography
Born 1945 Donaueschingen, Germany
Lives and works Paris, France
Schooling 1966-69 State Academy of Tremendous Arts, Karlsruhe and Freiburg
Key reveals 1980 West German pavilion, thirty ninth Venice Biennale; 1988 Museum of Fashionable Artwork, New York; 2001 Louisiana Museum of Fashionable Artwork, Humlebaek; 2007 Monumenta, Grand Palais, Paris; 2014 Royal Academy of Arts, London; 2015 Centre Pompidou, Paris; 2022 Palazzo Ducale, Venice
Represented by Gagosian, White Dice, Thaddaeus Ropac and Lia Rumma Gallery
Anselm Kiefer: Fallen Angels, Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, 22 March-21 July
